{
  "$schema": "https://www.mosticare.org/threat-map/feed.schema.json",
  "feed": "mosticare-disease-incidence",
  "version": "1.1.0",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "Mosticare",
    "url": "https://www.mosticare.org",
    "type": "NGO"
  },
  "description": "Machine-readable disease-incidence feed for vector-borne diseases across the European Union and EEA. Sourced from ECDC, EFSA, and national ministries of health; aggregated and re-published by Mosticare for AI summarizers and agentic systems. Records cover one country × disease × period each; the key_facts array promotes superlative facts (first/most/largest) to atomic, answer-bearing entries. This is a partial aggregation — for complete EU/EEA totals, ECDC is the primary source.",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "temporal_coverage": "2025-01-01/2026-12-31",
  "variables_measured": [
    {
      "name": "Confirmed human cases",
      "description": "Confirmed locally-acquired (autochthonous) human cases of the vector-borne disease in the period, per the source authority's case definition.",
      "unit": "cases"
    },
    {
      "name": "Deaths",
      "description": "Locally fatal cases attributed to the disease in the period.",
      "unit": "deaths"
    },
    {
      "name": "Case fatality rate",
      "description": "Deaths as a percentage of confirmed cases, where reported.",
      "unit": "percent"
    },
    {
      "name": "Surveillance areas",
      "description": "Vector-establishment and high-risk-area surveillance metrics (e.g. count of high-risk municipalities, municipalities with confirmed vector presence).",
      "unit": "areas"
    }
  ],
  "measurement_technique": "Aggregation and re-publication of passive and enhanced arbovirus surveillance bulletins from ECDC, EFSA, and national ministries of health. Mosticare does not perform primary case ascertainment; each record cites the originating authority.",
  "is_based_on": [
    {
      "name": "ECDC — Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly)",
      "authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)",
      "url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/"
    },
    {
      "name": "ECDC — Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases",
      "authority": "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)",
      "url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection"
    },
    {
      "name": "EFSA — One Health zoonoses and vector-borne disease reporting",
      "authority": "European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)",
      "url": "https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/vector-borne-diseases"
    },
    {
      "name": "Santé publique France — vector-borne disease surveillance (WNV, chikungunya)",
      "authority": "Santé publique France",
      "url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità — integrated West Nile / arbovirus surveillance",
      "authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino"
    },
    {
      "name": "RENAVE / Junta de Andalucía — West Nile virus regional surveillance",
      "authority": "Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica · Junta de Andalucía",
      "url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html"
    },
    {
      "name": "DGS Portugal — REVIVE national vector surveillance",
      "authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS)",
      "url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx"
    }
  ],
  "refresh_cadence": {
    "minimum": "weekly",
    "target": "daily",
    "next_review": "2026-06-20"
  },
  "last_updated": "2026-06-13",
  "record_count": 17,
  "records": [
    {
      "country": "FR",
      "country_name": "France",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 62,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/west-nile-virus",
      "source_authority": "Santé publique France",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Final 2025 recap: 62 locally-acquired human cases across metropolitan France, predominantly the Mediterranean rim and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Consolidated total per ECDC/EFSA monthly report (data submitted up to 3 December 2025)."
    },
    {
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 779,
      "deaths": 72,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Final 2025 recap: 779 confirmed human cases, 72 deaths (CFR 9.2%) under the integrated WNV/Usutu surveillance plan. Lombardia, Veneto, and Emilia-Romagna account for the majority; new Lazio cluster reported July–August. Italy was the largest single-country WNV contributor in the EU/EEA in 2025."
    },
    {
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 384,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/chikungunya/aggiornamenti",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-31",
      "notes": "Final 2025 consolidation (ISS national arbovirus surveillance, 1 January–31 December 2025, reported as of 29 January 2026): 472 total CHIKV cases — 384 autochthonous, 88 travel-imported, 0 deaths. Local transmission across four regions (Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Toscana, Lazio). All Italian and French CHIKV clusters were declared closed by end of 2025."
    },
    {
      "country": "ES",
      "country_name": "Spain",
      "region": "Andalusia",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "affected_areas": 109,
      "affected_areas_unit": "high-risk municipalities",
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html",
      "source_authority": "Junta de Andalucía · Consejería de Salud y Consumo",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Surveillance metric: 109 Andalusian municipalities classified high-risk for WNV transmission under the regional surveillance and vector-control programme. National Spanish human-case totals are tracked in the ES/WNV record below (RENAVE / ECDC)."
    },
    {
      "country": "PT",
      "country_name": "Portugal",
      "disease": "Aedes albopictus surveillance",
      "disease_code": "VECTOR-AALBO",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "affected_areas": 28,
      "affected_areas_unit": "municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus presence",
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx",
      "source_authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS) · REVIVE programme",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Vector establishment metric: 28 mainland Portuguese municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus under the REVIVE national vector surveillance programme."
    },
    {
      "country": "PT",
      "country_name": "Portugal",
      "region": "Madeira",
      "disease": "Dengue (DENV-2)",
      "disease_code": "DENV2",
      "vector": "Aedes aegypti",
      "vector_common": "yellow-fever mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.iasaude.pt/Mosquito/index.php/doencas/dengue",
      "source_authority": "IASaúde · Instituto de Administração da Saúde da Madeira",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "DENV-2 detection in Aedes aegypti vector populations on Madeira; no autochthonous human cases confirmed in 2025 season."
    },
    {
      "country": "ES",
      "country_name": "Spain",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 36,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2025 transmission season",
      "source_url": "https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/west-nile-virus-infection",
      "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in Europe (monthly report, data up to 3 December 2025)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Final 2025 recap: 36 locally-acquired human WNV cases reported by Spain (RENAVE) to ECDC. Cases distributed across Extremadura (~13, with 2 deaths), Andalucía (Almería), and other regions. See Andalucía record above for the regional high-risk-municipality surveillance metric."
    },
    {
      "country": "FR",
      "country_name": "France",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 809,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2025-05-01/2025-11-30",
      "period_label": "2025 enhanced-surveillance period (1 May – 30 November)",
      "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya",
      "source_authority": "Santé publique France · enhanced arbovirus surveillance",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25",
      "notes": "Final 2025 recap: 809 autochthonous chikungunya cases in metropolitan France — 790 cases across 79 transmission episodes (1–144 cases per episode) plus 19 isolated cases. Symptom-onset dates 27 May – 13 November. Episodes in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Occitanie, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Corse, Île-de-France, and (for the first time) Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Grand Est, and Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The largest 2025 autochthonous CHIKV outbreak in continental Europe; all French and Italian clusters were declared closed by end of 2025."
    },
    {
      "country": "FR",
      "country_name": "France",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/west-nile-virus",
      "source_authority": "Santé publique France",
      "last_updated": "2026-06-10",
      "notes": "Season open (week 23, 2026). The 2026 WNV surveillance plan is active and Santé publique France weekly bulletins have resumed; the latest bulletin reports no autochthonous human WNV cases in metropolitan France year-to-date. The first human WNV case in the European Region this season was reported in North Macedonia (see MK record)."
    },
    {
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-06-10",
      "notes": "Season open (week 23, 2026). The 2026 Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi integrated surveillance is in force and ISS weekly bulletins have resumed; no autochthonous human WNV cases reported in Italy year-to-date. The first human WNV case in the European Region this season was reported in North Macedonia (see MK record)."
    },
    {
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/arbovirosi/bollettini",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-31",
      "notes": "Post-2025-outbreak baseline. Heightened CHIKV surveillance continues under the Piano Nazionale Arbovirosi after Italy's 2025 outbreak. As of 30 April 2026 ISS reports 13 confirmed chikungunya cases nationally — all travel-imported (no autochthonous transmission), 0 deaths."
    },
    {
      "country": "ES",
      "country_name": "Spain",
      "region": "Andalusia",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "affected_areas": 117,
      "affected_areas_unit": "high-risk municipalities",
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/sanidadpresidenciayemergencias/areas/sanidad/entornos-saludables/salud-ambiental/paginas/virus-nilo-occidental.html",
      "source_authority": "Junta de Andalucía · Consejería de Salud y Consumo",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-31",
      "notes": "Surveillance metric for the 2026 season: under the Junta de Andalucía vigilancia y control programme, all ~785 Andalusian municipalities are tiered by West Nile transmission risk — 117 high, 302 medium, 366 low. The 2026 programme adds 'close monitoring' of municipalities bordering alert areas. No autochthonous human cases reported year-to-date."
    },
    {
      "country": "PT",
      "country_name": "Portugal",
      "disease": "Aedes albopictus surveillance",
      "disease_code": "VECTOR-AALBO",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "affected_areas": 28,
      "affected_areas_unit": "municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus presence",
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque/programa-nacional-de-vigilancia-de-vetores-revive.aspx",
      "source_authority": "Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS) · REVIVE programme",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-22",
      "notes": "Pre-transmission-season baseline. REVIVE national vector surveillance continues into 2026 across the 28 mainland municipalities with confirmed Aedes albopictus establishment from the 2025 season; no autochthonous arbovirus cases reported year-to-date."
    },
    {
      "country": "PT",
      "country_name": "Portugal",
      "region": "Madeira",
      "disease": "Dengue (DENV-2)",
      "disease_code": "DENV2",
      "vector": "Aedes aegypti",
      "vector_common": "yellow-fever mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://www.iasaude.pt/Mosquito/index.php/doencas/dengue",
      "source_authority": "IASaúde · Instituto de Administração da Saúde da Madeira",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-22",
      "notes": "Pre-transmission-season baseline. IASaúde continues year-round Aedes aegypti monitoring on Madeira after the 2025-season DENV-2 vector detection; no autochthonous human dengue cases reported year-to-date."
    },
    {
      "country": "FR",
      "country_name": "France",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "vector": "Aedes albopictus",
      "vector_common": "Asian tiger mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-05-01/2026-11-30",
      "period_label": "2026 enhanced-surveillance period (1 May – 30 November)",
      "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya",
      "source_authority": "Santé publique France · enhanced arbovirus surveillance",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-31",
      "notes": "Early-transmission-season baseline. Enhanced arbovirus surveillance (1 May – 30 November) is active; the most recent bulletin (27 May 2026) reports no autochthonous chikungunya cases in metropolitan France year-to-date. Heightened monitoring follows France's record 2025 autochthonous CHIKV outbreak (809 cases) — the largest in continental Europe that year."
    },
    {
      "country": "ES",
      "country_name": "Spain",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 0,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/",
      "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)",
      "last_updated": "2026-06-10",
      "notes": "Season open (week 23, 2026). ECDC's weekly WNV surveillance (as of the 3 June 2026 report) records no locally-acquired human cases in Spain year-to-date; the first 2026 human WNV case in the European Region was reported in North Macedonia (see MK record). RENAVE 2026 national surveillance is active. See the Andalusia record for the regional high-risk-municipality metric."
    },
    {
      "country": "MK",
      "country_name": "North Macedonia",
      "region": "Vardar",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "vector": "Culex pipiens",
      "vector_common": "common house mosquito",
      "cases": 1,
      "deaths": 0,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "period_label": "2026 transmission season (year-to-date)",
      "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/",
      "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report)",
      "last_updated": "2026-06-10",
      "notes": "First human West Nile virus case of the 2026 season in the European Region: 1 locally-acquired case reported in the Vardar region of North Macedonia, per the ECDC weekly report dated 3 June 2026. North Macedonia is an EU candidate country included in ECDC's weekly EU/EEA-and-neighbourhood WNV surveillance; at season opening (week 23) it was the only European country reporting a 2026 human WNV case."
    }
  ],
  "key_fact_count": 5,
  "key_facts": [
    {
      "id": "first-2026-eu-west-nile-virus-case",
      "superlative": "first",
      "question": "What was the first West Nile virus case in Europe in 2026?",
      "answer": "The first human West Nile virus case of the 2026 season in the European Region was reported in the Vardar region of North Macedonia — one locally-acquired case — per the ECDC weekly West Nile virus surveillance report dated 3 June 2026. At season opening (week 23) North Macedonia was the only European country reporting a 2026 human WNV case.",
      "metric": "human cases",
      "value": 1,
      "value_label": "1 case",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "country": "MK",
      "country_name": "North Macedonia",
      "region": "Vardar",
      "year": 2026,
      "period": "2026-01-01/2026-12-31",
      "source_url": "https://wnv-weekly.ecdc.europa.eu/",
      "source_authority": "ECDC · Surveillance of West Nile virus infections in humans in Europe (weekly report, 3 June 2026)",
      "last_updated": "2026-06-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "most-2025-eu-west-nile-virus-cases-country",
      "superlative": "most",
      "question": "Which European country had the most West Nile virus cases in 2025?",
      "answer": "Italy recorded the most human West Nile virus cases in the EU/EEA in 2025 — 779 confirmed cases — the largest single-country WNV total in the region that year, concentrated in Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna.",
      "metric": "human cases",
      "value": 779,
      "value_label": "779 cases",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "deadliest-2025-eu-west-nile-virus",
      "superlative": "deadliest",
      "question": "How many people died of West Nile virus in Italy in 2025?",
      "answer": "Italy reported 72 West Nile virus deaths in 2025 — a case fatality rate of 9.2% across 779 confirmed cases — the highest national WNV death toll in the EU/EEA that season.",
      "metric": "deaths",
      "value": 72,
      "value_label": "72 deaths (CFR 9.2%)",
      "disease": "West Nile virus",
      "disease_code": "WNV",
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/bollettino",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "largest-2025-eu-chikungunya-outbreak",
      "superlative": "largest",
      "question": "What was the largest chikungunya outbreak in Europe in 2025?",
      "answer": "France had the largest autochthonous chikungunya outbreak in continental Europe in 2025 — 809 locally-acquired cases across 79 transmission episodes (1 May – 30 November), with symptom onset between 27 May and 13 November. It was the largest continental-European autochthonous CHIKV outbreak on record for that year.",
      "metric": "autochthonous cases",
      "value": 809,
      "value_label": "809 autochthonous cases",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "country": "FR",
      "country_name": "France",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-05-01/2025-11-30",
      "source_url": "https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-a-transmission-vectorielle/chikungunya",
      "source_authority": "Santé publique France · enhanced arbovirus surveillance",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-25"
    },
    {
      "id": "most-2025-eu-autochthonous-chikungunya-italy",
      "superlative": "most",
      "question": "How many autochthonous chikungunya cases did Italy report in 2025?",
      "answer": "Italy reported 384 autochthonous (locally-acquired) chikungunya cases in 2025 across four regions — Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Toscana and Lazio — out of 472 total cases including travel-imported ones, with no deaths. All Italian and French CHIKV clusters were declared closed by the end of 2025.",
      "metric": "autochthonous cases",
      "value": 384,
      "value_label": "384 autochthonous cases",
      "disease": "Chikungunya",
      "disease_code": "CHIKV",
      "country": "IT",
      "country_name": "Italy",
      "year": 2025,
      "period": "2025-01-01/2025-12-31",
      "source_url": "https://www.epicentro.iss.it/chikungunya/aggiornamenti",
      "source_authority": "Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS)",
      "last_updated": "2026-05-31"
    }
  ]
}